Optional module 2 chemistry notes chemistry and industry every coloured compound cannot be used as a dye. General introduction to the chemistry of dyes some. The best chemistry o level notes compiled from all around the world at one place for your ease so you can prepare for your tests and examinations with the satisfaction that you have the best resources available to you. Azo dyes are characterised by presence in the molecule of one or more azo groups n n, which form bridges between organic residues, of which at least one is usually an aromatic nucleus. The chemistry of bonding of dyes to fibres is complex. Dyes are organic compounds that can be used to impart bright, permanent colors to fabrics. Ch 227 dyes and dyeing general principles dyes are colored because they absorb light in the visible region of the spectrumlight with wavelengths between 400 and 800 nm.
It also outlines the latest developments in the area of functional dyes. The best chemistry as and a level notes, revision guides, tips and websites compiled from all around the world at one place for your ease so you can prepare for your tests and examinations with the satisfaction that you have the best resources available to you. Oct 20, 2019 in biology, the term pigment is defined somewhat differently, where a pigment refers to any colored molecule found in a cell, regardless of whether or not it is soluble. Nylon and protein fibers such as wool and silk are dyed with acid dyes polyester yarn is dyed with dispersedyes. The dye must be fastor chemically stable so that the colour will not wash with soap and water, fade on exposure to sunlight etc. Mordants help binding of dyes to fabric by forming a chemical bridge from dye to fibre, thus improving the staining ability of a dye along with increasing its fastness properties. Dyeing is normally done in a special solution containing dyes and particular chemical material. This is because they are cheaper to produce, brighter, more colorfast, and easy to apply to fabric. The chemistry of natural dyes enables high school chemistry teachers to introduce their students to a fascinating area of industrial chemistrydyes and colorants.
Padma s vankar nature expresses itself in a wide spectrum of colours all around us. Dyeingof cotton dyeing of acrylic fibres dyeingof polyester yarn dyeingof silk fibres 7. Click download or read online button to get the chemistry of synthetic dyes book now. Chemistry of dyes 61 natural form or synthesized inside the polymer matrix as a waterinsoluble dye. Classification of dyes by use or application method 3. Contents title page introduction basis of colour natural dyes mauveine colour fastness dye classification azo dyes protein textile dyes cellulose textile dyes synthetic textile dyes fibrereactive dyes references.
Aug 21, 2017 acrylic fibers are dyed with basic dyes. This work, which has the scope of an elementary textbook, is a useful addition to the rapidly increasing number of manuals in the english language devoted to the subject of dyes and their. Impotant early synthetic dyes chemistry, constitution, date, properties format. Disadvantages for the biochemist resulting from dependence upon dyes marketed purely for the textile industry are mentioned. Take a look at this category of free ebooks and find all the answers to your questions immediately. Welcome to chemistry, the science concerned with the study of matter. Direct dyes are molecules that adhere to the fabric molecules without help from other chemicals. Interestingly there has been a flow of activity in the recent past relating to the use of. The best chemistry o level notes o and a level notes. The majority of natural dyes are derived from plant sources. Basic dyes are watersoluble cationic dyes that are mainly applied to acrylic fibers, but find some use for wool and silk. So, although hemoglobin, chlorophyll, melanin, and bilirubin as examples dont fit the narrow definition of pigment in science, they are biological pigments.
Many azodyes, such as methyl red, methyl orange, and congo red, can be used as acid. Padma s vankar nature expresses itself in a wide spectrum of colours all around. Pdf the knowledge of the composition of the natural dye mixtures gives hints on appropriate procedures for restoration strategies. Chemistry of natural dyes padma s vankar is at the facility for ecological and analytical testing in lit, kanpur. A dye is a coloured compound,normally used in solution,which is capable of being fixed to a fabric. Anything that can be touched, tasted, smelled, seen or felt is made of chemicals. Our notes are easytofollow, handwritten chemistry pdf notes that combine your book and chemistry notes into one, simple, easytounderstand format. A good dye must have most of the following properties. Indigo is an important example of this type table 34. Hydrogen and the metals form positive ions nonmetals form negative ions, and their names end in group 4 and 5 do not usually form ions because they would have to lose or gain several electrons and that takes too much energy ide group 0 elements do. Feb 21, 2019 dyes may be classified in several ways e. Chemistry notes form 1 chemistry form one pdf online. It is made with the latest syllabus in mind and contains all the tips and tricks with which you can learn chemistry better and score well.
The visible color that an observer sees in the complement of the color absorbed. Raja abstract dyes derived from natural materials such as plant leaves, roots, bark, insect secretions, and minerals were the only dyes available to mankind for the coloring of textiles until the discovery of the. Natural dyes are taken from animals, plants, or minerals, while synthetic dyes are based on petroleum compound. Aug 23, 2017 synthetic dyes almost all the colors that you see today are synthetic dyes.
Some dyes, such as tyrian purple obtained from shellfish, were so rare that only emperors and kings could afford to wear purple hence the term royal purple. In simplest terms, chemistry is the science of matter. Usually acetic acid is added to the dye bath to help the uptake of the dye onto the fiber. However, for much of our history, we didnt have any ways of developing coloured compounds for use in places like the textile industry.
The major distinction between semipermanent and deposit onlydemi. It should be noted that each class of dye has a very unique chemistry, structure and particular way of bonding. This experiment will deal with four types of dyeing processes, direct dyes, mordant dyes, developed dyes, and vat dyes, along with an example of how dyes can be used to identify different fabrics. Dye chemistry a short introduction to dye chemistry format. Deposit onlydemipermanent haircolors are longer lasting than semipermanent haircolor. Dyesalfa chemistry dyes are colored organic compounds that can dye fibers or other substrates to a certain color.
Chemistry revision notes for class 12, short key notes for. Synthetic dyes are used everywhere in everything from clothes to paper, from food to wood. Chemical bonding thus plays an important role in how and why dyes work. Contents title page introduction basis of colour natural dyes mauveine colour fastness dye classification azo dyes protein textile dyes cellulose textile dyes.
Chemistry of dyes a dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied. While some dyes can react chemically with the substrates forming strong bonds in the process, others can be held by physical forces. Acid dyes, azo dyes, basic dyes, mordant dyes, etc 9 10. Dyes for these substrates normally form ionic bonds fig. Dyes and pigments covers the scientific and technical aspects of the chemistry and physics of dyes, pigments and their intermediates. We tell the story of this 1856 chance discovery that transformed the textile industry worldwide. Journal of coatings technology and research jctr is a forum for the exchange of original research, experience, knowledge and ideas among those with a professional interest in the science, technology and manufacture of functional, protective and decorative coatings including, but not limited to, paints, inks and related coatings and their raw materials. Ppt dyes in chemistry powerpoint presentation free to. Dye chemistry lecture notes on the chemistry of dyes. Dyes is the opposite of pigment which has an excellent colour and brilliance strength, and easy to process but also has poor heat, high immigration, poor durability and solvent stability. It is an ionizing and aromatic organic compound, with chromophores as a major component. The advent of synthetic dyes caused rapid decline in the use of natural dyes, which were completely replaced by the former within a century.
Table 6 lists the major dye classes, fixation rates, and the types of fibers for which they have an. Other than pigmentation, they have a range of applications including organic dye lasers, optical media and. Vittum eastman kodak company, rochester, new york published and distributed in the public interest with the consent of the attorneygeneral under license no. Types of dyes classification based on chemical structure. Textile fibers, dyes, finishes, and processes a concise guide by howard l. Structure, preparation and chemistry of reactive dyes. Dyescoloring materials that are applied as a solution and cling to whatever they are applied to e. General i article chemistry of natural dyes padma s vankar is at the facility for ecological and analytical testing in lit, kanpur. The peroxide is generally a low volume oxidative solution. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want.
Optional module 2 chemistry notes chemistry and industry therefore, these dyes are mainly used to dye cotton fibres. It involves direct bonding, hbonds and hydrophobic interac tions. How to do synthesis nucleophiles and electrophiles. Depositonly haircolor utilizes oxidative and direct dyes, and requires peroxide. Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with the identification of the substances of which matter is. We are sharing these materials with you because these are really helpful for ssc exam aspirants. Chemistry notes download handwritten pdf chemistry notes. An 18yearold london chemistry student tries to make synthetic quinine for malaria treatment, and instead creates the first synthetic dye. Basic dyes are also used in the coloration of paper. Dyes alfa chemistry dyes are colored organic compounds that can dye fibers or other substrates to a certain color. The chemistry of synthetic dyes download ebook pdf, epub.
Indians have been forerunners in the art of natural dyeing. Learn more about the properties, uses, and development of dyes in this article. Natural yellow dyes include louting, from the leaves of weld, reseda luteola, and quercetin, from the bark of. It must be able to fix itself or capable of being fixed to the fabric from the solution. Different types of dyes with chemical structure textile learner. Buy dias coaching ias chemistry optionalclass notes.
In the mean time the technology of dyestuff intermediates and the dyes obtained. Bottinger left his employer, patented the compound under his own name and then sold the patent to agfa in 1885. The chemistry of synthetic dyes, volume vii covers the synthesis and application of dyes, fluorescent brightening agents, color and electronic states of organic molecules, photochemistry of dyes, and physical chemistry of dyeing. The primary classification of dyes is based on the fibers to which they can be applied and the chemical nature of each dye. Fastness of colour refers to its ability to remain unchanged. You dont need to look very far to appreciate the huge variety of colours that occur in nature. Acid dyes, azoic dyes, basic dyes, direct dyes, cationic dyes, disperse dyes, neutral dyes, pigments, reactive dyes, solvent dyes and so on. Congo red, the first direct dye, was discovered in 1883 by paul bottinger, who was working as a dye chemist for the friedrich bayer company in ebersfeld, germany garg and nigam, 1981. The best part is that the notes for the chemistry revision notes for class 12 cbse board are available as a free pdf download. Sources, chemistry, application and sustainability issues sujata saxena and a. The chemistry of natural dyes enables high school chemistry teachers to introduce their students to a fascinating area of industrial chemistry dyes and colorants. Cotton is dyed with a range of dye types, includingvat dyes, and modern synthetic reactiveand direct dyes.
We have both general chemistry notes and organic chemistry notes. In this case dyes bearing a negative anionic charge are used because polyamides such as nylon and proteins such as wool, silk, and leather carry a positive cationic charge especially during the dyeing process. Dye, substance used to impart color to textiles, paper, leather, and other materials such that the coloring is not readily altered by washing, heat, light, or other factors to which the material is likely to be exposed. The affinity of a dye for a fabric depends on the chemical structure of the dye and fabric molecules and on the interactions between them. Dear readers, in this article, we are providing chemistry notes for ssc cgl exam. Blue jeans chemistry indigo synthesis and dyeing format. Different types of dyes with chemical structure textile. Buy dias coaching ias chemistry optionalclass notes photocopy only book online at best prices in india on.