In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. Send one cd and one paper copy of the hydraulic report to the construction office for reference during construction. Selection of the correct penstock to suit the duty is important to satisfy the design criteria and provide the most cost effective solution. Technical details for the design of a penstock for kuchigoro small.
In the 3rd world congress on mechanical, chemical, and material engineering mcm17 pp. This paper provides to design penstock and nozzle for 5kw pelton turbine micro hydropower plant for household applications. More than 450 hydropower plants worldwide have been equipped with penstocks and gates delivered by andritz hydro and all are working to full customer satisfaction. It is usually designed as a closed pipe with opening and closing gates to allow only the desired amount of water into the system.
The overpressure depends upon the length of the penstock the closed conduit. The pressure tunnel length is l 10 km with a crosssectional area of f 10 m2 and steady flow velocity v0 2 msec at a hydroelectric power plant. Calculation of fluid flow rate, q, for given frictional head loss, hl, pipe diam. Penstock thickness calculation free download as pdf file.
The load must be handled so that the penstock is safely balanced when it is suspended. Output of penstock and power calculation spreadsheet. During the design process, selection of materials or products for conduits, culverts, or pipes should be based on engineering requirements. Penstock manufacturers, distributors and suppliers althon. These formulae produce different values of penstock diameter for same site. Steel penstock design calculation free pdf file sharing. The generic penstock design, which is tailored using. A penstock is what controls the rate and volume of water flow from a water source towards a hydro turbine generator.
Optimum design of penstock for hydro projects science. The other objective of this paper is to develop the life inhabitant living in rural areas by the supply of required electricity from the natural resources of water to provide the development of design calculation of penstock, to reduce the. The fundamental condition of identical discharge can be realized by selecting diameters either, a for identical flow velocities. This edition now represents the contributions of many individuals in the penstocks and steel pipe section, mechanical branch, division of design, on the staff of the chief engineer. Drm is included at the request of the publisher, as it helps them protect their by restricting file sharing. Cylindrical surge tank crosssectional area is f 100 m2. Penstock hand actuator files 3d cad model library grabcad. A crossflow design works better with low head but high flow. Penstock penstock types in determining the number of penstocks for any particular installation various factors have to be considered. Secure pdf files include digital rights management drm software. A, each penstock pal question builds from, and is related to, the question that guides each nature of water power unit. Some trends in the design and construction of steel penstocks at. Design and analysis of a kaplan turbine runner wheel link to publication record in manchester research explorer citation for published version apa.
Large hydropower projects will typically average around 2% to 2. An introduction to hydropower concepts and planning. This type of assessment is site dependant and must include, but not be limited to, estimating potential failure modes, assessing the probability or likelihood of such an event, and assessing the potential for loss of life and damage associated with each identified failure mode. Spreadsheet calculates values in yellow boxes note. These must design to withstand highpressure under static as well as. This work seek to address basically the design of penstock for kuchigoro small hydropower project shp, with specific objectives to calculate for the. This evaluation should typically include tasks associated with data and stress analysis and a determination if the penstock is in accordance with defined acceptance criteria.
Input required for penstock and power calculations53 figure 7. Statement of purpose to design a penstocks that can be manufactured using locally available resources and manufacturing techniques. The strength analysis of penstock bifurcation in hydropower plants is discussed in the present paper. Downloads penstocks uk ltd design, manufacture, supply.
Dec 18, 2017 very simple and easy formulas to measure water discharge for hydel power generation. Emad tanbour a design project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course assessment iii. This project has two units of 3500 kw capacity each with total installed capacity of plant as 7000 kw. This manual prescribes guidance for designing new hydraulic steel structures hss by load and resistance factor design lrfd. Construction of steel penstocks using ht100 at kannagawa. The surge provides protection to the penstock against damage of water hammer. Design and analysis of a kaplan turbine runner wheel. The travelling mechanized endless screen is recommended so that man entry is totally avoided.
Overview penstock to accomplish this students will find it. Have design personnel evaluate the data obtained during the penstock inspection. Asce manual and reports on engineering practice no. Very simple and easy formulas to measure water discharge for hydel power generation. On penstocks over 500mm diameter, there are also holes above the penstock opening. The strength is the least of all design limit states positive bending, negative bending and shear interaction. These methods are either based on empirical relations or. Pdf penstock, a closed conduit, is an important component of hydropower projects. Friction losses in welded steel pipe based on scobeys formula for 6yearold pipe. Engineering and design design of hydraulic steel structures etl 11102584 30 june 2014 1. Our penstocks are typically manufactured in hdpe and stainless steel grade 316l. Design calculation of penstock and nozzle for 5kw pelton. Design tables based on ductile iron pipe data and suggested loads are also provided. Any lifting and supporting accessories must be properly sized.
Likewise, other turbine types such as francis, turgo and kaplan, each have optimum applications. The minimum s hell thickne ss was deter mined using t he analytica l methodo logy for pre set. Allowable stress design asd tables show strength deflection loads in psf. Preface a penstock, as a part of hydropower plant, is the pressure conduit between the turbine and the first. Beam span for ductile iron pipe on supports ductile iron pipe is normally manufactured in 18 or 20foot nominal lengths, depending on the pipe manufacturer and pipe size. Product technical manual wall mounted and channel mounted penstocks page. Various methods are available for optimum design of penstock. Each cad and any associated text, image or data is in no way sponsored by or affiliated with any company, organization or realworld item, product, or good it may purport to portray. This guidance is not intended for use in designing repairs to existing hss. A penstock is used to control the flow or level of a liquid and. Related publications are also listed in appendix a. The penstock described in this manual complies with the 2006 42 ec directive.
In order to read a secure pdf, you will need to install the fileopen plugin on your computer. Outside of our standard range of penstock valves as detailed below, althon can assist with the design and supply of penstocks to suit square openings, nonstandard size pipe openings and can supply penstocks to suit operating pressures dictated by site requirements. The third edition of the manual was approved in june 1988 and published in 1989. Penstock, and the method of connecting spiral case exten sion to the. This section discusses location, design, and installation of the penstock and its. A penstock is a sluice or gate or intake structure that controls water flow, or an enclosed pipe that delivers water to hydro turbines and sewerage systems. Penstocks are an important component in hydropower plant projects especially when there is a high head turbine need to plant. Let us compare by a single penstock and by a system of n penstocks. Penstock material selection in small hydropower plants. The design of the shell and reinforcing members of a 120 in. Maximum velocity in the penstocks may be taken as vmax 6 msec. Desighn of penstock pipe submitted by md zafar alam 512017 2015 m. Liberal safety factors will be used in the design of all equipment.
Introduction pressure conduits carrying water from forebay tank to the power house are termed as penstock. The modern penstock is designed to cater for a wide variety of duties from low seating to high offseating heads in sizes from 150mm to 5000mm square. Microhydropower design aids is a complete set of tools consisting of typical autocad drawings, typical microsoft excel spreadsheets and a users manual. Recently, pelz 2011 provided a theoretical approach for determining the upper limit for hydropower gained by a water wheel or turbine per unit width in a rectangular openchannel.
Using the head loss condition, l r hgross v l n h 0. Pdf optimum design of penstock for hydro projects researchgate. Design flow chart for penstock wall thickness procedure. The term is inherited from the earlier technology of mill ponds and watermills. These methods are either based on empirical relations or derived analytically by optimizing the friction loss in the penstock. The various parameters adopted for penstock design area given in table 7. Working stresses will not exceed the lower value of, one half of the yield strength, or one fifth of the ultimate strength of the material per asd design approach. Class responses may be provided to fwee for posting in the form of word documents, powerpoint presentations, pdf files, digital.
Penstocks, gates and manifolds for hydroelectric power plants. Be cause of the continuing interest in penstock design, the monograph has been revised and updated to incorporate present day practice. Readjust the governor to establish a safe wicket gate timing to prevent overpressurization of the penstock and to ensure maximum response capability. Penstock hydraulic calculations practical empirical equations used to find out the diameter of a penstock will be given. Based on the penstock pal question and resources provided, classes will submit responses. Design, manufacture, supply, install and commission a comprehensive range of penstocks, stop logs, handstops and valves for water and wastewater applications. Graduation project college of engineering department of mechanical engineering. If the penstock is unloaded and placed into position by a crane, this must be placed in compliance with regulations regarding stability and rollovers. Penstock, a closed conduit, is an important component of hydropower projects. When a hydropower system is not being used, water can be stored in the penstock for later. It is recommended that a summary of the cd contents be included, with each file name and purpose clearly stated. Final design of penstock, study notes for hydromechanics.
They are installed attached to the wall by means of chemical or expansion anchors and their design is consistent with the operation conditions to be met at each facility. Figure 3 shows the results of the design of the penstock for the inclined shaft of the kannagawa hydropower plant. Pelton design, for example, works best with high head. Selection of proper material for different components of shp projects in general and penstock in particular is one of the most challenging tasks as civil work components contribute substantially in the overall cost of the project. The computeraided design cad files and all associated content posted to this website are created, uploaded, managed and owned by third party users. Penstock material selection in small hydropower plants using. The analysis consists of determining the maximal internal pressure, e.
The second edition of this manual was approved in june 1984 and published in 1985 with the title steel pipea guide for design and installation. Design of penstocks calculation of head loss u0026amp. There are two penstocks to feed each turbine separately. Microhydropower design aids manual shppgtzmgspaepc page. Ludin bundschu has given empirical equations to compute the economical pipe inner. The other objective of this paper is to develop the life inhabitant living in rural areas by the supply of required electricity from the natural resources of water to provide the development of design calculation of penstock, to reduce the environmental fuel. Thus standard documents have been created for the design of steel penstocks which meet the increased demands. Small hydropower shp is a promising source of renewable and clean energy. Andritz hydro is manufacturing, supplying, and installing stateoftheart hydraulic steel structures, as well as penstocks, gates and manifolds. Friends we have another youtube channel on the topic how and why wher. This is an iterative calculation, because an assumed value of q is used to start the calculations. How to calculate the discharge or flow rate of a penstock. College of engineering department of mechanical engineering. Welded steel pmstocks was first issued in 1949 under the authorship of p.